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Live below your means

The first step toward building a sizable retirement nest egg — whether in the amount of $5 million or otherwise — is to get into the habit of living below your means. You can’t save for the future if you’re spending your entire paycheck on expenses every month.

A good way to consistently carve out money for your long-term savings is to keep your larger recurring expenses on the lower side. The typical rule of thumb with housing, for example, is to try to keep your costs to 30% of your income or less. But if you’re able to secure housing that only eats up 15% of your pay, for example, you’ll have that much more leeway to devote money to savings.

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Use time to your advantage

Some people put off retirement savings when they’re younger to focus on near-term goals — things like shedding student debt and saving for a down payment on a house. It may become easier to save for retirement as you get older and your salary increases. But if you want to retire with a lot of money, it’s important to start saving and investing from as young an age as possible.

The S&P 500 has historically rewarded investors with an average annual return of around 10%, accounting for both strong years and downturns. If you sock away $1,100 a month for retirement over a 45-year period at an 8% yearly return, which is a bit below the index's average, you'll end up with around $5.1 million. But if you wait even five years to start saving and investing that same monthly sum, you'll be looking at a nest egg closer to $3.4 million.

Of course, $3.4 million is still a lot of money. And you can certainly live comfortably on that sum. But it's not $5 million.

Maintain a diversified investment portfolio

Though it’s possible to grow your money into a much larger sum by investing over a long period of time, it’s important to maintain a diverse mix of investments and adjust your asset allocation based on your investment horizon. As you get closer to retirement, you need your portfolio to be more conservative and less aggressive. You can speak to a financial adviser about this or rely on a robo-advisor to manage your portfolio. A common rule of thumb says you should subtract your age from 110 to figure out what percentage of your portfolio should be invested in stocks. So at 65, less than half of your nest egg should be in stocks.

An easy way to diversify your holdings is to load up on S&P 500 or total stock market ETFs (exchange-traded funds). Here, instead of buying shares of companies individually, you’re investing in funds that give you exposure to the broad market. It’s a good option to fall back on if you’re trying to save and invest aggressively but you’re not comfortable hand-picking stocks on your own.

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Maurie Backman Freelance Writer

Maurie Backman is a freelance contributor to Moneywise, who has more than a decade of experience writing about financial topics, including retirement, investing, Social Security, and real estate.

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